Beneath the Underground: The Flight to Freedom. Icons used in advertisements for runaway slaves by the Planter's Advocate (P.G. Co., ca. 1850s)
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  • Table 3: Percentage of Free Population Holding Slaves by Maryland Region, 1860
    free blacks free whites enslaved blacks no. of holders percentage free pop. holding slaves*
    Western Maryland 2,144 55,520 2,101 585 1%
    Central Maryland 41,132 319,210 14,088 4,187 1%
    Southern Maryland 12,389 49,294 46,043 4,524 7%
    Upper E.S. Maryland 9,740 35,756 7,633 1,356 3%
    Lwr. E.S. Maryland 18,576 48,032 17,324 3,131 5%
    *Calculated according to the total number of free persons (black and white), since no distinction is made among slaveholders according to race or color.
    Table 4: Per-Capita Slave Holdings in Maryland byRegion, 1860
    Enslaved Blacks No. of Holders Per-Capita  Holding
    Western Maryland 2,101 585 3.59
    Central Maryland 14,088 4,187 3.36
    Southern Maryland 46,043 4,524 10.18
    Upper E.S. Maryland 7,633 1,356 5.63
    Lwr. E.S. Maryland 17,324 3,131 5.53
    source: United States Historical Census Data Browser

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